RATIONALE: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress causes the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER, activating the transcription factor, ATF6 (activating transcription factor 6 alpha), which induces ER stress response genes. Myocardial ischemia …
The ER stress-inducible transcription factor, x-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), which enhances protein glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), was shown to also enhance protein glycosylation outside the ER, via a process called …
ER stress leads to upregulation of multiple folding and quality control components, known as the unfolded protein response (UPR). Glucose Regulated Protein 78 (GRP78) (also known as binding immunoglobulin protein, BiP, and HSPA5) and GRP94 are often …